CSCI 235: Emacs tips

Dealing with headaches

The "get-me-out-of-this-action" key is ^G.

Sometimes, if you are mixing mouse navigation with typing, you might leave a command uncompleted, which makes some wierd things happen. If that's the case, you'll see the command named on the bottom line of the window, below the status bar. To deal with that situation, click your mouse in there (so that your typing will go to the command), then either finish the command or abort it with ^G.

Of mice and menus

If you use the buttons or menus for opening and writing files, you need to know that the dialogs that pop up are written for a three-button mouse. In particular, when you are opening a file, middle-clicking on a file name will select it. The scroll wheel doubles as the middle button: you can click it.

Some useful key sequences

Emacs uses a few keys (such as ^X or ESC) as prefixes to other keys, instead of like a shift key. So some of these are multiple-key sequences.

^X ^F Open (find) a file. (You'll complete the filename on the bottom line of the screen.)

^X ^S Save the current file.

^X ^W Write the current file under another name. (You'll complete the filename on the bottom line of the screen.)

^K Kill from the cursor to the end of the line. If you hit this several times in a row, what you kill will all be collected together.

^Y Yank back whatever was last killed.

^W Kill (wipe) the highlighted text.

^A Move to the beginning of the line.

^E Move to the end of the line.

ESC g g Go to a line by number.

Files, buffers, windows, and frames

It will help if you remember a bit of the terminology that Emacs uses to refer to these related concepts.

A file is what exists in permanent storage (on disk).
A buffer is the file as it exists within the editor. When you "save", it copies the buffer to the file. When you visit or "open" a file, it copies its contents into a buffer. Note that you can have more than one file open in a buffer at the same time.
A frame is what most programs call a window--that's the thing with the menu and icons at the top.
A window is a portion of a frame that shows you a portion of a buffer. You can get more than one window within a frame by "splitting" it.

Note that you can have multiple files open, multiple frames, and multiple windows into various buffers within those frames. Splitting a frame so that you have two windows into the same buffer can be useful if you need to look at two places in the same file. When Emacs starts, it usually splits the frame, showing your file in the top window and some documentation in the bottom. There are four key sequences that are useful with splitting:

^X 1 Show only one window, with the buffer where the cursor is.

^X 2 Split the current window into two; both will show the same buffer.

^X 0 Get rid of the current window. (That is a zero.)

^X o Jump to the other (or next) window. (That is a letter o.)

You can also have a file open in a buffer without it presently showing on the screen. You'll find various ways to move among buffers in the "Buffers" menu, and you can also find ways to show a different buffer in your window by pointing the mouse at the buffer's name (usually the same as the file name) in the status line at the bottom of the window. You'll also find out that Emacs may have some additional buffers that don't correspond to files (with names like "Messages").

Displaying line numbers

Emacs is already set to show you what line number the cursor is on, which can be helpful for finding and fixing mistakes. The line number shows up toward the right side of the status bar below the text you are editing, as something like L23 to indicate that you are on line 23.

That friendly ampersand

Because all of the interaction with Emacs happens in a frame (window) that it creates, it does not need to use your terminal window once it gets started. So if you stick an ampersand (&) on the end of the command when you start Emacs, you'll get your command prompt back for further use. Note also that once you have Emacs running, you can use its commands to visit additional files; so you can often manage by starting it up just once for all the editing that you do in a session.

Cary Gray

Last modified: Thu Jan 14 17:35:00 CST 2016

^X ^F	Open (find) a file. (You'll complete the filename on the bottom line of the screen.)
^X ^S	Save the current file.
^X ^W	Write the current file under another name. (You'll complete the filename on the bottom line of the screen.)
^K	Kill from the cursor to the end of the line. If you hit this several times in a row, what you kill will all be collected together.
^Y	Yank back whatever was last killed.
^W	Kill (wipe) the highlighted text.
^A	Move to the beginning of the line.
^E	Move to the end of the line.
ESC g g	Go to a line by number.

^X 1	Show only one window, with the buffer where the cursor is.
^X 2	Split the current window into two; both will show the same buffer.
^X 0	Get rid of the current window. (That is a zero.)
^X o	Jump to the other (or next) window. (That is a letter o.)