Lab 1: Trying out C

The goal of this lab is to give all of you some initial practice with C.

A. Set up

Make a folder for this lab and move into it.

mkdir lab1
cd lab1

As in most labs and projects, I am giving you some code base to work on. Copy the following files from the course directory for this lab.

cp /homes/tvandrun/Public/cs245/lab1/* .

This gives you nine files:

• sort_util.h and sort_util.c give the header file and implementation file, respectively, of a library that provides some functions that support testing array-sorting functions.
• test_substring.c and test_selection.c, the driver programs that will test the code that you write.
• makefile, the file that describes how to compile the code for today.
• selection.h, and substring.h, header files containing the protocol for the function you will write.
• selection.c and substring.c, the implementation files for the code you will write.

These last two are the only files that you will need to modify.

B. Selection sort

Open selection.c in gedit, emacs, or xemacs. You will see it contains only a basic stub for the selection_sort function. This function takes (a reference to) an array and the size of the array n. Implement the selection sort algorithm:

• Maintain a sorted section of the array, beginning at 0 (initially empty), and an unsorted section (initially the whole array).
• Let i be the boundary position between the sorted and unsorted sections; the array from 0 inclusive to i exclusive is sorted, and from i inclusive to n exclusive is unsorted.
• Repeatedly
  • find the smallest element (and its position) from the unsorted section
  • swap the smallest element with the element in position i
  • increment i (moving the boundary, that is, making the sorted section grow and unsorted section shrink)
• until the sorted section is the whole array and the unsorted section is empty.

Compile your code using

gcc -c selection.c

Once you have fixed any compilation errors, you can compile and link the utility library and driver program for selection sort:

gcc -c sort_util.c
gcc -c test_selection.c
gcc test_selection.o sort_util.o selection.o -o test_selection

Seem like a lot of steps? Then just use the make command:

make test_selection

Once it all compiles, run the driver using

./test_selection

Use the results of the driver program to debug your implementation of selection sort.

C. Substring

You should remember the Java method substring() by which you can make a new string from a sequence of characters from another string. You will write a similar function in C. The protocol for the function you will write (you'll find this protocol in substring.h and a stub in substring.c; open the latter) is

int substring(char source[], char destination[], int start, int stop);

Note that this function takes (references to) two arrays---the first is the array we are copying from, the second is the array we are copying the characters to. You don't need to know their sizes; all you care about is where the string ends (you have to assume that the arrays are big enough to hold the respective strings). The function also takes a starting index (inclusive) and stopping index (exclusive). It copies the subsequence source[start, stop] to destination[0, stop-start] and adds an end-of-string marker to position stop-start.

However, to make this function extra robust, we want to make it work even when "bad" values for start and stop are given. Here are the rules:

• If start is negative, we will assume they meant 0.
• If stop is less than or equal to start or if start comes after the end-of-string marker, this function will copy a "trivial" string of length 0.
• If stop comes after the end-of-string marker, this function will copy only to the end-of-string marker.
• The function should return 1 if both start and stop are valid indices ("normal") and 0 if at least one of them are out of bounds ("bad").

Don't forget that the "destination" string must end in an end-of-string marker, even if a no characters are copied.

Compile with

make test_substring

Test with

./test_substring